ATP and NADPH are converted to ADP + Pi and NADP+ during the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis. So, the correct option is (B).
What are Light Dependent and Independent Reactions?
In the light-dependent reactions, the energy coming from sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll which is converted into stored chemical energy. In the light-independent reactions, the chemical energy is harvested during the light-dependent reactions drives the assembly of sugar molecules from carbon dioxide.
This is called light dependent because it require light or depends on light to produce organic energy molecules ATP and NADPH. This is called light-independent because no light is required to reduce carbon dioxide and glucose by the use of ATP and NADPH.
Thus, ATP and NADPH are converted to ADP + Pi and NADP+ during the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis. So, the correct option is (B).
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The world's greatest super power
Past Super power British Empire, Soviet union.
Present super power USA
Future Super power China, India.
examine the following list of question
why are kids afraid of ghost?
should i feed the raccoons that visit my trash can?
how does mouse color affect mouse survival?
does a mother duck love her babies
The given questions involve biology, with an emphasis on animal behavior and learning mechanisms such as ingrained actions, different types of learning, and the role of mirror neurons in observational learning.
The questions listed span a range of topics but seem to primarily engage with concepts in biology, specifically those related to animal behavior. When examining innate behavior, animals exhibit certain actions from birth without being taught, such as a human baby's grasping behavior, which is crucial for survival as it strengthens attachment and ensures care from parents.
Cognitive learning in animals can be intriguing, demonstrated by the crow vending machine, which showcases a bird's ability to use tools and solve problems, indicative of associative learning. Different learning types, such as trial and error and observational learning, provide insight into how animals adapt and survive. While trial and error involve actions based on different outcomes, observational learning occurs through mimicking others' behaviors, a process facilitated by mirror neurons that activate both when an animal performs an action and when it observes another doing so.
These nuances in animal behavior are critical for student understanding in an educational setting, often explored in high school biology curricula. Additionally, considering the effectiveness of a student's learning process itself can sometimes mirror the same evaluative patterns seen in animal behavior studies.
Which organism has cerebral ganglia in its head connected to ladder-like arrangements of nerve fibers?
A. flatworm
B. frog
C. seahorse
D. spider
The flatworm has cerebral ganglia connected to nerve fibers in a ladder-like arrangement, making A correct answer.
The organism that has cerebral ganglia in its head connected to ladder-like arrangements of nerve fibers is the flatworm. Flatworms exhibit a level of neural complexity that includes the development of a central nervous system (CNS), composed of a pair of cerebral ganglia and two nerve cords, and a peripheral nervous system (PNS), which spreads out throughout the body. This structure forms the basic nervous system in flatworms, where the two interconnected parallel nerve cords run the length of the body, and the cerebral ganglia located in the head act as a rudimentary brain. The evolution of cephalization is significant as it indicates the concentration of nerve tissue at one end of the body, forming a distinct head region with centralized control, which is a key adaptation observed in the flatworms of the phylum Platyhelminthes.
Which of the following would be the last step in the process of DNA fingerprinting?
A DNA sample is obtained.
B. Restriction fragments are separated.
C. Restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA into fragments.
D. DNA fragments containing repeats are labeled with radioactive probes.
Answer:
(D). DNA fragments containing repeats are labeled with radioactive probes.
Explanation:
DNA fingerprinting can be defined as a process, which involves identification of DNA characteristics of an organism as unique in all organisms as fingerprints.
There are total five steps in DNA fingerprinting, which include isolation of DNA from the cells, digestion of DNA with restriction enzymes, separation of DNA fragments in agarose gel, transfer of DNA fragments to a blotting paper, and labeling of DNA fragments with radioactive probes of specific sequence to see the results.
Thus, the correct answer is option (D) as represents that last step of DNA fingerprinting.
Trees in the tropical rainforest have ________ root systems because ________.
The voltage of a neural membrane that is sufficient to cause an action potential is approximately ______ and is referred to as a(n) ______.
Which receptors adapt most slowly?
nociceptors
pressure receptors
touch receptors
smell receptors
Nociceptors are the receptors that adapt most slowly, as they send signals to the brain in response to potential tissue damage and maintain their response to ensure awareness of the pain.
Explanation:The receptors that adapt most slowly are the nociceptors. Nociceptors are sensory neurons that respond to potentially damaging stimuli by sending signals to the spinal cord and brain. They are slow to adjust to a stimulus and are responsible for the sensation of pain, which serves as a warning for tissue damage. Unlike other mechanoreceptors that rapidly adapt, such as Meissner's corpuscles or Pacinian corpuscles, nociceptors maintain their response to a stimulus, which is important for alerting the body to continuous damage. This property is advantageous for survival, as it ensures that we are conscious of pain for a sufficient period to take action against harmful stimuli.
Which of the following types of information is most closely associated with the concept of "Labeled Line Code."
Question options:
1)
Modality of the stimulus.
2)
Location of the stimulus.
3)
Intensity of the stimulus.
4)
Duration of the stimulus.
5)
All of the above.
what is the ph of a substance with a hydroxide{OH] of 10-6
Any astronomical body that revolves around a larger body is called
Any astronomical body that revolves around a larger body is known as Satellite.
What is Satellite?A natural or an artificial body which revolve around the planet in order to collect essential information or for communication is called as Satellite.
It can be natural or artificial. The moon, planet or machine that orbits a planet or star are satellites.
Earth can be called satellite as it orbits the sun, similarly the moon is a satellite as it orbits Earth.
Artificial or man made satellites are designed usually to collect the essential data like climate reports, temperature, humidity, gaseous content and for communication.
Man made satellites are designed in a certain way that with a less time it can collect more information compared to ground level instruments.
Hence, an astronomical body that revolves around a larger body is called as satellite.
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Plants need nitrogen in order to survive. The problem is they cannot take in the atmospheric nitrogen, but instead must rely on a certain class of bacteria that are able to turn atmospheric nitrogen into other nitrogen compounds, such as ammonia and nitrates. What is the name of this process?
Answer:
Nitrogen fixation is the name of the process in which the atmospheric dinitrogen is converted into a form which can be used by the plants for their growth. The nitrogen fixation is done by a soil bacteria called as rhizobia which lives in symbiotic association with the root nodules of the leguminous plants. The bacteria converts the atmospheric dinitrogen into ammonia and nitrates which are readily absorbed by the plants. In return the the bacteria obtains the carbohydrates from the plants as a source of food.
The white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, is common in the Eastern United States. Most deer have reddish brown fur, but occasionally a deer may be born with a genetic condition known as albinism which results in white fur. Albinism is caused by the inheritance of two recessive alleles for the production of coloration pigments. If an albino deer is born to two parents who each have normal fur coloration, what conclusion may be drawn about the genotypes of the parent deer?
Answer:
Both the parents must be the carrier of recessive genes along with dominant gene
Explanation:
Recessive genes are genes that are expressed only when two recessive alleles are inherited from the parents.
A dominant gene is expressed in two cases a) when two dominant alleles are inherited or b) when one dominant and one recessive allele are inherited.
since parents have normal fur color but they are producing white fur coloured deer (Albinitic offsprings) this means that both of the parents must be the carrier of recessive genes.
Let the allele for “normal fur colour” be expressed by C
Allele for “white fur color” be expressed by c.
Both the parents have heterozygous dominant gene (which is carrier if recessive allele "c"), thus their genotype would be Cc
Let see the punnet square below -
C c
C CC Cc
c Cc cc
Out of the four offspring’s produced only “cc” represents white fur deer.
After the completion of meiosis how many copies of each chromosome is present in each gamete?
Active transport involves all of the following except the
A) diffusion of solute through the lipid bilayer of a membrane.
B) pumping of solutes across the membrane.
C) hydrolysis of ATP.
D) transport of solute against a concentration gradient.
E) specific transport protein in the membrane.
Active transport occurs when a solute molecule moves across a membrane against a concentration gradient, this process doesn't include diffusion of solute through the lipid bilayer of a membrane.
What is active transport?It is the process that is required to pump molecules against the gradient, both electrical and concentration.
Characteristics of active transportTo be able to displace sodium and potassium ions, there is the sodium-potassium pump, a transmembrane structure present in cells.It consumes energy that comes from tissue metabolism and is used by transport pumps (ATPase type) that use the energy released by the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP.Therefore, we can conclude that the active transport is carried out against a concentration gradient or electrical potentials, consequently, consumes energy, it doesn't include diffusion of solute through the lipid bilayer of a membrane.
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The physical interaction between the respiratory and the cardiovascular system takes place at which respiratory structure in a human? a,brochioles b.alveoli c.bronchi d,respiratory vessels e,gill filaments
Two adjacent neurons that communicate with one another are separated by a space. what is this space called?
What organelles are sometimes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum and are responsible for building proteins?
Planets formed from ____ left over from the formation of the Sun at the center of the cloud
Answer:
Disc-shaped cloud of gas and dust
Explanation:
The planets were formed from the clouds of dust particles and gases that resembles a disc. These particles were left over particles after the formation of the Sun. These gases and dust particles were attracted to one another due to the strong gravitational force, forming larger particles that orbits around the sun in a an elliptical path. This eventually led to the formation of planets.
The planets that are located close to the sun are generally comprised of rocky materials as the wind from the stars removed the gases from the surface of these planets and accumulated of heavier materials took place due to the strong gravitational force of the stars.
The speed of light in water is 2.25 x 108 m/s. What is true about the index of refraction of water?
How would the base sequence ACAGTGC be coder on mRNA
Colors of light most useful in photosynthesis are
A) green, yellow, and orange
B) red, violet, and blue
C) infrared, red, and yellow
D) red, white, and blue
Sort each description by the type of rna it describes. drag each item to the appropriate bin
This is the sorting of each description by the type of RNA it describes:
tRNA
contains an anticodonhas amino acids covalently attachedmRNA
contains exonsspecifies the amino acid sequence for a proteinrRNA
is a component of ribosomesis the most abundant form of RNAWhat are these types of RNA?tRNA (Transfer RNA): Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a small RNA molecule that plays a crucial role in translation, the process by which the genetic information encoded in mRNA is converted into a functional protein. tRNA molecules act as carriers, each specifically recognizing and binding to a particular amino acid.
mRNA (Messenger RNA): Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the intermediate molecule that carries the genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for translation. It serves as a template for protein synthesis, providing the ribosome with the instructions to assemble a specific amino acid sequence.
rRNA (Ribosomal RNA): Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a major component of ribosomes, the cellular structures that carry out protein synthesis. rRNA molecules provide the structural framework for ribosomes and play a critical role in the translation process.
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Complete question:
Sort each description by the type of RNA it describes. drag each item to the appropriate bin
tRNA
mRNA
rRNA
contains an anticodon
contains exons
is a component of ribosomes
specifies the amino acid sequence for a protein
is the most abundant form of RNA
has amino acids covalently attached
During what stage of photosynthesis is O2 produced?
A) cyclic photophosphorylation
B) the light-dependent reactions involving photosystems I and II
C) carbon fixation
D) the Krebs cycle
E) O2 is not produced during photosynthesis
Axons of ganglion cells form the optic tract. these fibers synapse in the ________.
The inner plexiform layer (IPL) of the retina contains bipolar and amacrine cells, which RGCs synapse with to receive excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs, respectively.
What is the role of fiber's to synapse?Their central processes connect with ganglion cells, a particular type of neuron found close to the inner surface of the retina, on the vitreous surface of the retina.
And their central processes exit the globe via the optic disc to create the actual optic nerve. The optic nerve is distinctive due to a few characteristics.
The retina's output neurons are called retinal ganglion cells, or RGCs for short.
The optic nerve receives the retina's nerve signals after they have traveled through the back of the eye. These signals are delivered by the optic nerve to the brain, which perceives them as visual images.
Therefore, Axons of ganglion cells form the optic tract. These fibers' synapse in the eyes.
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If another source of prey were available to the whales, what changes in population size would you expect for the seals and the whales?
A fairly new technology that uses radio signals to send and receive information is referred to as
A. MAR.
B. RFID.
C. GUI.
D. barcoding.
Answer:
B. RFID.
Explanation:
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is designed to replace conventional barcode scanning. Bar code reading requires the reader's approach to the code, with exact angle and interpretation time. Basically it is the same used in supermarkets and various stores.
RFID reading technology utilizes short-range communication that can be automatically read by sensors when passing the RF tag carrier. Same task more efficiently, less time and greater accuracy. That is, this technology allows radio signals to send and receive information.
Joshua cut his knee while rock climbing. The next day, the cut was red and swollen, and pus was present in the area of the cut. What caused the pus to form?
A. macrophages excreting medicinal material
B. the death of macrophages
C. antigens trying to infect the area
D. blood cells losing their hemoglobin
Bacteria in your lab are grown under two conditions, one with exposure to glucose and the other with lactose. what best describes the effects glucose will have upon the enzymes used to metabolize lactose?
After 8 weeks on the different diets, the scientists collected the following data on the two groups of mice:
-the amount of weight gained
-the amount of body fat
-the composition of the microbial community, especially the abundance of the two types of bacteria that dominate this region of the intestine -- Firmicutes and Bacteriodetes
The results are shown in this data table.
Which three statements are valid conclusions that can be drawn from these results?
From the information given, conclusions can typically be made about weight gain, body fat percentage, and microbial composition in the gut. Changes in these areas can influence health outcomes and overall metabolic function.
Explanation:Without the specific data table, it's challenging to make exact conclusions. But typically, from this type of research, we can infer conclusions about weight gain, body fat percentage, and microbial composition in the gut. For instance, one might conclude that changes in diet resulted in different amounts of weight gain and body fat. One might also deduce that certain diets led to a significant increase or decrease in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteriodetes in the gut microbiota. These changes can influence health outcomes, including disease risk and overall metabolic function.
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A bacterium engulfed by a white blood cell through phagocytosis will be digested by enzymes contained in _____.
Answer: Lysosome
Explanation:
This is an double membrane organelle found in the cytoplasm of the eukaryotic cell which contains variety of digestive enzymes.
Lysosomes contain enzymes such as DNAses, proteases, RNAses, cellulase and other digestive enzymes which act on the specific biomolecules and degrade the.
The lumen of lysosomes is acidic in nature thus, the foreign substance which gets ingested in the cell is easily digested by the enzymes.
In the given question since, the engulfed bacteria is digested by the enzymes which could have been provided by the lysosomes there fore lysosomes is the correct answer.