what did earnest Rutherford's gold foil experiment demonstrate about atoms
Final answer:
Rutherford's gold foil experiment showed that atoms have a small, dense nucleus at the center with electrons orbiting around it in mostly empty space.
Explanation:
Rutherford's gold foil experiment demonstrated that atoms have a small, dense nucleus at the center, surrounded by mostly empty space where electrons orbit. He bombarded thin sheets of gold foil with alpha particles, which are positively charged particles with a mass four times that of a hydrogen atom.
According to Rutherford's expectations, most of the alpha particles passed through the gold foil un-deflected. However, he observed that around one in 20,000 alpha particles deflected at larger angles, indicating the presence of a tiny but very dense region in the center of the atom, which was later named the nucleus. This discovery challenged the prevailing plum pudding model of the atom, leading to a new understanding of atomic structure.
A candy bar has a total mass of 75.0 grams. In a calorimetry experiment, a 1.0-g sample of this candy bar was burned in a calorimeter surrounded by 1000g of water. The temperature of the water in contact with the burning candy bar was measured and found to increase from an initial temperature of 21.2C to a final temperature of 24.3C.
a. Calculate the amount of heat in calories release when the 1.0-g sample burned.
b. Convert the heat in calories to nutritional Calories and then calculate the energy content (fuel value) in Cal/g.
c. Calculate the total caloric content of the candy bar in Calories.
In a calorimetry experiment, the heat released when a 1.0-g sample of a candy bar burned can be calculated using the formula q = mcΔT. The heat released is 3100 calories. Converting this to nutritional Calories and calculating the energy content (fuel value) in Cal/g gives an energy of 3.1 Cal/g. The total caloric content of the candy bar is calculated by multiplying the energy content by the mass of the candy bar.
Explanation:a. Calculate the amount of heat in calories released when the 1.0-g sample burned.
The heat released can be calculated by using the formula:
q = mcΔT
Where:
q is the heat released in caloriesm is the mass of the water (1000g)c is the specific heat capacity of water (1 cal/g°C)ΔT is the change in temperature (24.3 - 21.2 = 3.1°C)Plugging in the values into the formula:
q = (1000g)(1 cal/g°C)(3.1°C) = 3100 calories
b. Convert the heat in calories to nutritional Calories and then calculate the energy content (fuel value) in Cal/g.
Nutritional Calories are equivalent to 1000 calories. To convert from calories to nutritional Calories:
Energy in nutritional Calories = heat released in calories / 1000
Energy in nutritional Calories = 3100 calories / 1000 = 3.1 nutritional Calories
Energy content (fuel value) in Cal/g = energy in nutritional Calories / mass of the sample (1.0g)
Energy content in Cal/g = 3.1 nutritional Calories / 1.0g = 3.1 Cal/g
c. Calculate the total caloric content of the candy bar in Calories.
To calculate the total caloric content of the candy bar in Calories, we can use the formula:
Total caloric content = energy content (fuel value) in Cal/g * mass of the candy bar (75.0g)
Total caloric content = 3.1 Cal/g * 75.0g = 232.5 Calories
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----------------- are made using the metalloids silicon and germanium
A sample of an unknown liquid has a volume of 30.0 mL and a mass of 6g.What is its density?
A sample of an unknown liquid has a volume of 30.0 mL and a mass of 6g. The density will be 0.2 g/ml.
What is density?Density is defined as the mass in relation to volume. Density is denoted by the capital letter D and the symbol rho. The formula is to divide the mass by the volume.
The area occupied by a three-dimensional object is its volume. It can be determined using density and mass. Liters are used to measure it. The overall weight of a thing is its mass. M designates it.
rho = m / V
rho = density
m = mass
V = volume
Given, that the mass of the sample of unknown liquid is 6 g. Here the sample of an unknown liquid is given, and the density has to be calculated.
The volume of 30.0 mL
Putting the values in the equation
Density = 6 / 30.0 = 0.2
Thus, the density of the unknown liquid is 0.2 g/ml
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The red arrow is pointed at different locations of an atom of Helium. Where is it pointing to the GREATEST concentration of atomic mass?
The most dense part of an atom is its nucleus. Almost all of the mass in an atom is made up from the protons and neutrons in the nucleus with a minimal contribution from the orbiting electrons.
Helium atom has two orbital electrons and two protons and two neutrons in nucleus. It has 4 atomic mass and 2 atomic numbers. So, the greatest concentration of atomic mass is in nucleus.
On the surface cost benefit analysis seems straightforward
On the surface, cost-benefit analysis does appear to be a straightforward approach to decision-making. It involves assessing the costs and benefits associated with a particular action or decision and comparing them to determine if the benefits outweigh the costs.
One key challenge is accurately quantifying and assigning monetary values to both the costs and benefits. Some costs and benefits are relatively easy to measure, such as direct financial costs or immediate monetary gains. However, there are often intangible costs and benefits that are difficult to quantify, such as environmental impacts, social welfare, or long-term consequences. Assigning a monetary value to these intangibles can be subjective and open to interpretation.
Another challenge is considering the time dimension. Costs and benefits may occur at different points in time, and their value can change over time. Discounting future costs and benefits to their present value is often necessary but involves making assumptions about interest rates and future conditions.
Furthermore, cost-benefit analysis assumes that all costs and benefits can be effectively identified and measured, which may not always be the case. There can be hidden costs or benefits that are not immediately apparent or difficult to quantify, leading to incomplete or biased analyses.
Additionally, cost-benefit analysis relies on the accuracy of the data and assumptions used. Small variations in input values can significantly impact the results, and uncertainties in data or assumptions can introduce biases or errors.
In summary, while cost-benefit analysis provides a framework for decision-making, its implementation involves complexities related to quantifying costs and benefits, considering the time dimension, addressing intangible factors, and relying on accurate data and assumptions.
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Which of the following animals exhibits bilateral symmetry?
1. Coral
2. Jelly fish
3. Starfish
4. Sea horse
Need help quick!! Please
Answer is: 4. Sea horse.
Seahorse is species of small marine fishes in the genus Hippocampus.
A seahorse has a bilateral line of symmetry, if it cut along a central axis, the left and right half would be congruent.
In bilateral symmetry or plane symmetry, the sagittal plane divides an organism into roughly mirror image halves.
What is an organ that produces enzymes that break down nutrients
The organ responsible for producing enzymes that break down nutrients is the pancreas.
The pancreas is a vital organ located in the abdomen, with both endocrine and exocrine functions. In its role as an exocrine gland, the pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine to aid in the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats from the food we consume.
These enzymes, including amylase, protease, and lipase, are crucial for the proper digestion and absorption of nutrients. The pancreas plays a central role in maintaining the body's metabolic balance and ensuring that the nutrients from the food we eat can be effectively utilized by the body's cells. Dysfunction of the pancreas, such as in conditions like pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer, can lead to impaired digestion and nutrient absorption, emphasizing the essential role this organ plays in our overall health.
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WHICH OF THESE IS NOT A CHARACTERISTIC OF A MINERAL
The incorrect characteristic for a mineral among the listed options is that they are inexhaustible. Minerals are natural, inorganic, have a definite composition, and can have an uneven distribution, but they are not unlimited resources. So, the correct option is C.
The characteristic of a mineral that is not accurate among the options provided is C) They are inexhaustible. Minerals are indeed created by natural processes, they have a defined chemical composition, and their distribution is uneven. However, minerals are not inexhaustible. They are formed under specific geological conditions and can be depleted through mining and use.
Minerals are defined as naturally occurring, inorganic solids with a definite chemical composition and a characteristic crystalline structure. These solid substances are identified by certain physical properties such as hardness, density, and color. While minerals are integral to industrial applications and the formation of rocks, they must be naturally formed to be considered true minerals. This means synthetic products like laboratory-created diamonds, although similar in characteristics, are not classified as minerals.
Furthermore, while some minerals are abundant, many are limited and can run out, especially those that are mined extensively for human use. Therefore, the notion that minerals are inexhaustible is incorrect because it implies that they can be used without limit, which is not sustainable given the finite quantities in which they exist in the Earth's crust.
Complete Question:
Which one of the following is not a characteristic of minerals :
1. Naturally occurring
2. Definite chemical composition
3. Inexhaustible
4. Distribution is uneven
does a basketball float or sink in water
The basketball float on water.
Why does basketball floats on water?The basketball float on water because,
Since, density is the main factor which determine whether an object float or sink. Density is directly proportional to mass of the object and inversely proportional to the volumeSo, as volume of object increases the density decreases or vice versa and mass of the object increases the density increases or vice versa.Since, object which is tightly packed is more dense as compare to molecule which spread out.The object which is more dense than water that sink and object which is less dense as compare to water that float.Since, mass of the basketball is less than water . So, its density is less as compare to water. Therefore basketball floats.learn about density,
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Which graph shows negative acceleration?
Graph A
Graph B
Answer:
Graph B
Explanation:
the line is negative as it is travelling donwards
Ben and Jerry were testing powders in science lab. First they put the powder in a zip lock bag. Next they added some water. The powder fizzed and bubbled; soon it disappeared. When the bubbling stopped the bag contained a clear liquid and a lot of gas.
What is the MOST OBVIOUS sign of a chemical change in this reaction?
Final answer:
Bubbling and the formation of gas during the reaction between the powder and water in the zip lock bag is the most obvious sign of a chemical change.
Explanation:
The most obvious sign of a chemical change in the reaction described by Ben and Jerry is the formation of bubbles. When a substance undergoes a chemical change and produces a gas at the temperature of the beginning materials, bubbling can be observed without the substance boiling, which indicates that a new substance has been formed, namely a gas.
This is a clear sign that a chemical reaction is taking place, converting the original materials into different chemical compounds, as evidenced by the disappearance of the powder and the presence of a clear liquid and a lot of gas after the reaction.
Which concern is the LEAST important when using a compound light microscope to view a sample of paramecia? A) obtaining good resolution B) obtaining sufficient contrast C) recognizing the subject when one sees it D) having sufficient magnification available..........................THE ANSWER IS D....stg
Answer:
D)
Explanation:
The compound light microscope is a microscope that has more than one lens and its light source. Because of the various lens presented, having a sufficient magnification is not a concern.
However, only magnification doesn't indicate that it will be possible to view a sample, it's necessary some contrast to separate all the species presented, a good resolution (so the sample will be the focus), and also recognizing the subject when one sees it.