What is an alpha particle?
A particle consisting of a positively charged electron
A particle consisting of one proton and two neutrons
A particle consisting of two protons and two electrons
A particle consisting of two protons and two neutrons

The amount of energy released when one gram of oil is burned is[tex]\boxed{{\text{6}}{\text{.12 kJ}}}[/tex].

Further explanation

Heat capacity is defined as the amount of heat required to change the temperature of a pure substance by one degree. Its S.I. unit is J/K.

Molar heat capacity is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one mole of substance by one degree. Specific heat capacity is defined as the amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of 1 gram of a pure substance by one degree.

The expression to calculate amount of heat released or absorbed as follows:

[tex]{\text{q}}={\text{mC}}\Delta{\text{T}}[/tex]                                       …… (1)

Here, q is the amount of heat.

m is the mass of substance.

C is specific heat.

[tex]\Delta{\text{T}}[/tex]is change temperature.

Calorimeter is the device that measures the change in amount of heat absorbed or released during chemical reaction followed by change in temperature. Bomb calorimeter is the device which measure the amount of heat absorbed or released during chemical reaction at constant volume.

The formula to calculate the amount of heat change in calorimeter is as follows:

[tex]{{\text{q}}_{{\text{calorimeter}}}}={{\text{C}}_{{\text{calorimeter}}}}\times\Delta{{\text{T}}_{{\text{calorimeter}}}}[/tex]              …… (2)

The expression to calculate amount of heat absorbed by water is as follows:

[tex]{\text{q}}=\left({{{\text{m}}_{{\text{water}}}}}\right)\left({{{\text{C}}_{{\text{water}}}}}\right)\left({\Delta{\text{T}}}\right)[/tex]                                                …… (1)

Given, [tex]{{\text{C}}_{{\text{water}}}}[/tex] is 4.184 [tex]{\text{J/g}}\cdot^\circ{\text{C}}[/tex].

[tex]{{\text{m}}_{{\text{water}}}}[/tex]is 1 kg.

Change in temperature [tex]\left({\Delta{\text{T}}}\right)[/tex]is [tex]5\;^\circ{\text{C}}[/tex].

Substitute the value of [tex]{{\text{C}}_{{\text{water}}}}[/tex], [tex]{{\text{m}}_{{\text{water}}}}[/tex] and [tex]\Delta{\text{T}}[/tex]in equation (1).

[tex]\begin{aligned}{{\text{q}}_{{\text{water}}}}&=\left({{\text{1}}\;{\text{kg}}}\right)\left({\frac{{1000\;{\text{g}}}}{{{\text{1}}\;{\text{kg}}}}}\right)\left({\frac{{{\text{4}}{\text{.184 J}}}}{{{\text{g}}\cdot ^\circ{\text{C}}}}}\right)\left({5\;^\circ{\text{C}}}\right)\\&{\text{=20920 J}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]

The amount of heat absorbed by water is 20920 J.

The value of [tex]{{\text{C}}_{{\text{calorimeter}}}}[/tex]is[tex]0.10\;{\text{kJ/}}^\circ{\text{C}}[/tex].

The value of [tex]\Delta{{\text{T}}_{{\text{calorimeter}}}}[/tex]is [tex]{5^\circ}{\text{C}}[/tex].

Substitute these values in equation (2).

[tex]\begin{aligned}{{\text{q}}_{{\text{calorimeter}}}}&=\left({\frac{{0.10\;{\text{kJ}}}}{{^\circ{\text{C}}}}}\right)\times 5\;^\circ{\text{C}}\\&={\text{0}}{\text{.50 kJ}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]

Amount of heat absorbed by calorimeter is[tex]{\mathbf{0}}{\mathbf{.50 kJ}}[/tex].

The formula to calculate the total amount of heat released to burn 3.5 g of sample is as follows:

[tex]- {{\text{q}}_{{\text{rxn}}}}={{\text{q}}_{{\text{water}}}}+{{\text{q}}_{{\text{calorimeter}}}}[/tex]                   …… (3)

Substitute 20920 J for [tex]{{\text{q}}_{{\text{water}}}}[/tex] and 0.50 J for [tex]{{\text{q}}_{{\text{calorimeter}}}}[/tex] in equation (3)

[tex]\begin{aligned}-{{\text{q}}_{{\text{rxn}}}}&=20920{\text{ J}}+{\text{0}}{\text{.50 kJ}}\left({\frac{{1000\;{\text{J}}}}{{{\text{1}}\;{\text{kJ}}}}}\right)\\&={\text{21420 J}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]

The total amount of energy released to burn 3.5 g of oil is 21420 J.

The amount of energy released to burn 1 g of oil is calculated as follows:

[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Energy released per gram}}&=\frac{{21420{\text{ J}}}}{{3.5{\text{ g}}}}\\&={\text{6120 J}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]

The conversion factor to convert energy from J to kJ is as follows:

[tex]1{\text{ kJ}}={\text{1000}}\;{\text{J}}[/tex]

The amount of energy released after one gram of oil gets burned is calculated as follows:

[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Energy released per gram}}\left({{\text{kJ}}}\right)&=\left({{\text{1 kJ}}}\right)\left({\frac{{{\text{6120 J}}}}{{{\text{1000J}}}}}\right)\\&={\text{6}}{\text{.12 kJ}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]

Hence, [tex]{\mathbf{6}}{\mathbf{.12 kJ}}[/tex] of energy is released when one gram of oil is burned.

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Answer details:

Grade: Senior school.

Subject: Chemistry.

Chapter: Thermodynamics

Keywords: Heat capacity, molar heat capacity, specific heat capacity, released, absorbed, calorimeter, bomb calorimeter, water, mass, temperature, degree, 6.12 kj, 6120 j, 0.50 and 2120 J.

The heat released per gram of oil shale is 6120 J/g.

To determine the heat released per gram of oil shale, calculate the heat absorbed by both the water and the calorimeter, then divide the total heat by the mass of the oil shale.

To determine how much heat is released per gram of oil shale when it is burned, follow these steps:

First, calculate the heat absorbed by the water.

Thus, q water = 1000 g * 4.184 J/g°C * 5.0°C = 20920 J.

Next, calculate the heat absorbed by the bomb calorimeter.

Then, calculate the heat (q calorimeter) absorbed by the calorimeter:

Add the heat absorbed by the water and the calorimeter to get the total heat released by the combustion of the oil shale:

Finally, determine the heat released per gram of oil shale by dividing the total heat by the mass of the oil shale:

Therefore, the heat released per gram of oil shale is 6120 J/g.

Correct question is: A 3.5-g sample of colorado oil shale is burned in a bomb calorimeter, which causes the temperature of the calorimeter to increase by 5.0°c. the calorimeter contains 1.00 kg of water (heat capacity of H₂O = 4.184 j/g°c) and the heat capacity of the empty calorimeter is 0.10 kj/°c. how much heat is released per gram of oil shale when it is burned?

Answer:

AB negative.

Explanation:

Four major types of blood group found in humans are A, B, AB and O. The rhesus factors determines whether the blood group is positive or negative. Karl Landsteiner explained the different types of blood group.

The blood test shows clumping in the wells with  anti-A and anti-B antibodies. The blood group is AB because AB blood group has both the antigens A and B, shows clumping in both the anti-A and anti-B antibodies. The rhesus test is negative indicates that the blood type is negative as the rhesus protein is absent on the surface of blood cells. Hence, the individual has AB- blood type.

Thus, the correct answer is option (4).

Answer:

AB -

Explanation:

took it

Answer:

B. a pipette

Explanation:

on edg 2021

The presence of sodium carbonate can be identified by adding some sulphuric acid. The carbonates will produce carbon dioxide and it can be identified by the brisk effervescence.

Sodium carbonate is an inorganic compound formed from the sodium metal and carbonate ions. It is basic in nature due to the presence of electron  rich carbonate anion.

Sodium carbonate will reacts with acids and neutralise them to form salts. It is a weak acid and thus ionization and conductivity of its electrolyte are weak.

Sodium carbonate react with sulphuric acid gives carbon dioxide, water and sodium sulphate. The carbon dioxide formed there will evolves as gas and produce brisk effervescence.

Therefore, by the  brisk effervescence formed in the reaction we can identify the presence of sodium carbonate in the mixture.

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The heat released by one mole of propane gas is given, -2221 kJ. Thus 400 g or 9 moles of propane gas will release - 20190 kJ of heat energy.

Combustion is the reaction of a substance with atmospheric oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide. The process release heat energy since combustion reactions are exothermic.

It is given that one mole of propane gas produces - 2221 kJ.

molar mass = 44 g/mol

number of moles in 400 g = 400 /44 = 9 moles.

One mole of propane gas when combines with excess oxygen produces - 2221 kJ of energy. Hence, heat released by 9 moles is calculated as follows:

The heat released from 9 moles = 9 ×  - 2221 kJ = - 20190 kJ.

Therefore, enthalpy change in the combustion of 400 g of propane is - - 20190 kJ.

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Answer:

mutual fund is a correct answer.

Explanation:

Mutual fund is a form of investment which has the most amount of risk involved.

In Mutual fund the most amount of risk involved are:

Thus Mutual fund has the most amount of risk involved.

The graphite and talc minerals are softer than a human fingernail. Therefore, option (3) is correct.

The hardness of a mineral measures its relative resistance to scratching,  by scratching the mineral against another substance whose hardness is known on the Mohs Hardness Scale.

The Mohs scale of mineral hardness is characterizing the scratch resistance of several minerals by measuring the ability of harder material to scratch softer material.

This method is useful for the identification of minerals in the field because we can test minerals against some common objects such as fingernails, pence, nails, etc. The scale is named behind the name of its creator the German mineralogist Friedrich Mohs.

The hardness of the fingernail is 2.5 while the hardness of the talc is 1 and the hardness of the graphite lies between 1 to 2. Therefore, graphite and talc are minerals that are softer than a human fingernail.

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The decreasing order of elements of the number of valence electrons is as follows:

[tex]\boxed{{\text{Kr}}={\text{Ar}}>{\text{Br}}={\text{Cl}}={\text{F}}>{\text{O}}>{\text{As}}={\text{Sb}}>{\text{Si}}>{\text{Al}}>{\text{Ca}}={\text{Ba}}={\text{Sr}}>{\text{Li}}>{\text{Na}}}[/tex]

Further explanation:

The electronic configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom in the atomic orbitals. There are two states for an electron: ground as well as the excited state. The configuration of the atom in the lowest possible energy levels is called the ground-state electronic configuration. When an electron jumps from the stable ground state to some higher level, that state is called the excited state and the electronic configuration corresponding to this state is known as the excited-state half-filled configuration.

The filling of electrons in different energy levels or orbitals is done in accordance with the following three rules.

1. Aufbau principle: The principle states that the electrons are filled in various orbitals in the increasing order of their energies as follows:

[tex]1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<6s<4f<5d<6p<7s<5f<6d<7p[/tex]

2. Hund’s rule: Electron pairing will not start until each orbital is singly occupied.

3. Pauli’s exclusion principle: According to this principle, all the four quantum numbers [tex]\left({n,\;l,\;{m_l},\;{m_s}}\right)[/tex] for any two electrons can never be the same. In an orbital, the spin of two electrons has to be different. If one electron has the clockwise spin, the other would have the anticlockwise spin and vice-versa.

The atomic number of Kr is 36. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Ar}}}\right]\;3{d^{10}}4{s^2}4{p^6}[/tex]. So it has 8 valence electrons.

The atomic number of Ca is 20. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Ar}}}\right]4{s^2}[/tex]. So it has 2 valence electrons.

The atomic number of Ba is 56. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Xe}}}\right]6{s^2}[/tex]. So it has 2 valence electrons.

The atomic number of Br is 35. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Ar}}}\right]\;3{d^{10}}4{s^2}4{p^5}[/tex]. So it has 7 valence electrons.

The atomic number of Li is 3. Its electronic configuration is [tex]1{s^2}2{s^1}[/tex]. So it has 1 valence electron.

The atomic number of F is 9. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{He}}}\right]\;2{s^2}2{p^5}[/tex]. So it has 7 valence electrons.

The atomic number of As is 33. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Ar}}}\right]\;3{d^{10}}4{s^2}4{p^3}[/tex]. So it has 5 valence electrons.

The atomic number of Sb is 51. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Kr}}}\right]\;4{d^{10}}5{s^2}5{p^3}[/tex]. So it has 5 valence electrons.

The atomic number of O is 8. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{He}}}\right]\;2{s^2}2{p^4}[/tex]. So it has 6 valence electrons.

The atomic number of Al is 13. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Ne}}}\right]\;3{s^2}3{p^1}[/tex]. So it has 3 valence electrons.

The atomic number of Cl is 17. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Ne}}}\right]\;3{s^2}3{p^5}[/tex]. So it has 7 valence electrons.

The atomic number of Si is 14. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Ne}}}\right]\;3{s^2}3{p^2}[/tex]. So it has 7 valence electrons.

The atomic number of Na is 11. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Ne}}}\right]\;3{s^1}[/tex]. So it has 1 valence electron.

The atomic number of Ar is 18. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Ne}}}\right]\;3{s^2}3{p^6}[/tex]. So it has 8 valence electrons.

The atomic number of Sr is 38. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Kr}}}\right]\;5{s^2}[/tex]. So it has 2 valence electrons.

So the decreasing order of elements of the number of valence electrons is as follows:

[tex]{\text{Kr}}={\text{Ar}}>{\text{Br}}={\text{Cl}}={\text{F}}>{\text{O}}>{\text{As}}={\text{Sb}}>{\text{Si}}>{\text{Al}}>{\text{Ca}}={\text{Ba}}={\text{Sr}}>{\text{Li}}>{\text{Na}}[/tex]

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Answer details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Electronic configuration of the elements

Keywords: electronic configuration, valence electrons, decreasing order, Kr, Ar, Cl, Br, F, O, As, Sb, Si, Al, Ca, Ba, Sr, Li, Na, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, Aufbau, Hund’s rule, Pauli’s exclusion principle.

The elements are ranked by their number of valence electrons from most to least as follows: F, Cl, Br, O, Sb, As, Kr, Ar, Si, Al, Na, Li, Ca, Sr, Ba.

The elements can be arranged according to their number of valence electrons (the electrons on the outermost shell of an atom) as follows. Starting with elements having the most valence electrons: F, Cl, Br, O, Sb, As, Kr, Ar, Si, Al, Na, Li, Ca, Sr, Ba.

To explain further, elements in Group 17 (F, Cl, and Br) have 7 valence electrons, Group 16 element (O) has 6, Group 15 elements (Sb, As) have 5, noble gases (Kr, Ar) have 8 (fully-filled), Group 14 element (Si) has 4, Group 13 (Al) has 3, Group 1 elements (Na, Li) have 1, and Group 2 elements (Ca, Sr, Ba) have 2 valence electrons.

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Staples and metal shavings are types of Staples and metal shavings are types of physical hazards.

These are the types of hazards that can be possible by some contamination such as metal shavings getting into food staples are also a form of physical hazard caused by foreign contamination also.

It is a type of hazard which cause pain and harm to the human body and animals too.

They can be caused by food too like the small metal pieces that can enter our system through the food and goes to our alimentary canal as they cannot be digested and cause major infection in the human body. Which can also affect the immune system of the body

They get entry to the food pipe goes into the small intestine and large intestine as they interfere with the metabolism of the digestive system and cause  many more problems

They affect the biochemical reactions of the body like protein synthesis and all of which can lead to loss of motion and many infectious diseases

Therefore, is it a  physical hazard

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To express 87,449 in scientific notation with four significant figures, it's written as 8.745 × 104. The number 0.000066600 in scientific notation with five significant figures is expressed as 6.6600 × 10-5.

To express the number 87,449 in scientific notation with four significant figures, you need to place the decimal after the first digit and count the number of places you move it. In this case, the decimal is moved 4 places to the left: 8.7449 becomes 8.744. Now, we need just four significant figures, so it rounds to 8.745. This gives us 8.745 × 10 to the power of 4, or 8.745 × 104.

Writing the number 0.000066600 in scientific notation with five significant figures involves moving the decimal point 5 places to the right, giving us 6.6600 which rounds to 6.6600 with five significant figures. This becomes 6.6600 × 10 to the negative fifth power, or 6.6600 × 10-5.

Explanation:

It is known that a brick has the shape of a rectangle. And formula to calculate the volume of a rectangle is as follows.

                     Volume of rectangle = length × height × width

Since, it is given that length is 25 cm, height is 5 cm and width is 15 cm. Therefore, calculate the volume of brick as follows.

                 Volume of brick = length × height × width

                                             = 25 cm × 5 cm × 15 cm

                                             = 1875 [tex]cm^{3}[/tex]

Hence, we can conclude that volume of the brick is 1875 [tex]cm^{3}[/tex].

The pH of 0.025 M [OH-] solution would be 12.4

The pH is the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance.

Mathematically,

pH = 14 - pOH

pH = -log [H+]

pOH = -log [OH-]

In this case, [OH-] = 0.025 M

Thus

pOH = -log [OH-]

           = -log 0.025

              = 1.6

pH = 14 - 1.6

       = 12.4

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Final answer:

Polar molecules align themselves in an electric field, with their positive ends facing the negative plate and their negative ends facing the positive plate, to maximize attraction between opposite charges.

Explanation:

Response to Polar Molecules in an Electric Field

When an electric field is applied to a very polar molecule, the molecules will align themselves with the field. A polar molecule has a permanent dipole moment due to an uneven distribution of positive and negative charges. In the absence of an electric field, these molecules are randomly oriented, and thus have no net effect. However, in the presence of an electric field, they orient themselves so that the positive end of each molecule is attracted to the negative plate, and the negative end is attracted to the positive plate. This alignment occurs because polar molecules want to maximize the attraction between opposite charges induced by the electric field, effectively creating a net dipole moment density per unit volume.

Polar molecules like HF will align to their dipoles with the field direction, demonstrating this behavior. The same effect can be observed with nonpolar molecules; while they do not have a permanent dipole moment, they can acquire an induced electric-dipole moment when subjected to an electric field, which also aligns with the field direction.

Among the elements listed, potassium (K) would have the lowest first ionization energy.

The element with the lowest first ionization energy is potassium (K). In general, elements in group 1A of the periodic table, also known as alkali metals, have the lowest first ionization energies.

This is due to their electron configuration, which features a single valence electron in the outermost shell, held relatively loosely due to the shielding effect of inner electrons and the large atomic size.

As a result, it requires less energy to remove this outer electron compared to other elements. Potassium, located in group 1A, has an atomic number of 19 and exhibits this characteristic exceptionally well.

Therefore, among the elements listed, potassium (K) would have the lowest first ionization energy.

Complete question :-

Which element has the lowest first ionization energy?
a) As
b) P
c) K
d) Bi
e) Sb

Answer:

Correct options:

Organic compounds can be synthesized in a laboratory setting.

There are hundreds of thousands of organic compounds.

Explanation:

1) Organic compounds are only found in living things: False

Organic compounds are mainly carbon based. Although organic compounds are derived from living things like plants and animals, non-living things like sedimentary rocks are also rich in carbon.

2) Organic compounds can be synthesized in a laboratory setting: True

There are four major categories of organic compounds: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids all of which can be synthesized in a laboratory.

3) Organic compounds contain carbon: False

Organic compounds are identified by the presence of both carbon and hydrogen (and sometimes other elements like O, N, S).

4)CO2 is an organic compound: False

There are no H atoms, hence CO2 is not organic.

5) There are hundreds of thousands of organic compounds: True

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules are broken when ice melts as a result of increased kinetic energy of the water molecules, which comes with increased temperature. As the water molecules move past each other, the hydrogen bonds are naturally broken. Conversely, these bonds remain intact as water freezes, contributing to the less dense nature of ice compared to liquid water.

In the process of ice melting, the hydrogen bonds between water molecules are broken due to the kinetic energy of the water molecules, which increases as the temperature increases. The water molecules move and slide past each other, causing the bonds to break.

Hydrogen bonds regularly form and break in liquid water, but when the temperature drops and water freezes, a crystalline structure is formed, which is maintained by hydrogen bonding as there is not enough energy to break these bonds. This characteristic makes ice less dense than liquid water, an unusual property when compared to other liquids.

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Answer: Option (b) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

When we heat a solid substance at high temperature then it changes into liquid state and then into gaseous state.

For example, when water is heated above 100 degree celsius then it changes into vapors.

When low pressure is provided to a gas then its molecules are able to move easily from one place to another.

Therefore, a gas is most likely to exist at high temperature and low pressure.

During the light reactions of photosynthesis, the energy from the sun is converted into few amounts of ATP and an energy carrier called NADPH. This is associated with the consumption of water and release of oxygen. So from the choices above, the correct answers are:

The light reactions of photosynthesis use water and produce nadph.