Cytotoxic T cells play a crucial role in the body's specific immune response by identifying and destroying cells infected with pathogens, with a few remaining as memory cells for faster response upon re-infection.
The specific immune response to pathogens involves the activation and function of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). When these cells encounter infected body cells presenting specific pathogen antigens using Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) I molecules, they become activated. These activated cytotoxic T cells then use various mechanisms, such as releasing toxins, to destroy the infected cells, thereby containing the spread of the infection. These cells are particularly important when a pathogen has entered a cell, making it invisible to the humoral immune response which deals with pathogens in bodily fluids. The persistence of a few memory cytotoxic T cells after an infection ensures a quicker immune response if the same pathogen re-infects the body in the future.
Which process(es) of the water cycle— precipitation, evaporation, condensation, runoff, percolation or transpiration— that might contribute to the addition of pollutants to rivers, lakes, oceans? Why?
Runoff percipatation contributes to the dirty water because the rain water picks pollutants from the water and than it falls to the earth and than water continues and spreads into the large body of waters
The process of the water cycle that might contribute to the addition of pollutants to rivers, lakes, and oceans is runoff.
Runoff is exactly as it sounds. It is described as when water runs off the land. This water commonly drains towards:
Rivers LakesOceansand other bodies of water.
Though pollution is present in every part of the water cycle, it is most visible during runoff. During runoff, water travels downhill through the land, eroding the soil and carrying asking anything it finds asking the way, such as garbage. This garbage then end up in the larger bodies of water and contributes to their pollution.
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