You have a 1.153 g sample of an unknown solid acid, HA, dissolved in enough water to make 20.00 mL of solution. HA reacts with KOH(aq) according to the following balanced chemical equation: HA(aq) + KOH (aq) --> KA (aq) + H20 (l)If 12.15 mL of 0.715 M KOH is required to titrate the unknown acid to the equivalence point, what is the concentration of the unknown acid?What is the molar mass of HA?

HF and CH3OH exhibit dipole-dipole forces when dissolved in water because they both can form hydrogen bonds. CaCl2 and FeBr3 display ion-dipole forces in water because they are ionic compounds.

When these substances are added to water, they exhibit different solute-solvent interactions due to their different properties.

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Answer:

Sum of the coefficients is 3, in both sides (reactant & product)

Explanation:

HCl and Ca(OH)₂ react in a neutralization reaction.

It is called neutralization because we can produce H₂O. It always occurs when you react an acid with a base.

The equation for this is:

2HCl + Ca(OH)₂  → CaCl₂ +  2H₂O

Sum of the coefficients is 3, in both sides (reactant & product)

Final answer:

The balanced molecular equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium hydroxide is HCl(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + 2 H2O(l), with a sum of coefficients equal to 5.

Explanation:

The balanced molecular equation for the reaction of hydrochloric acid (HCl) with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) is:

HCl(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + 2 H2O(l)

To balance the equation, you must ensure that the number of atoms of each element on the reactant side is equal to the number of atoms of that element on the product side. In this reaction, two hydrochloric acid molecules are needed to react with one calcium hydroxide molecule to produce one molecule of calcium chloride and two molecules of water.

The sum of the coefficients in this balanced equation is 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 = 5.

From what we have below, we can see the complete and full question.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) such as CF2Cl2 are refrigerants whose use has been phased out because of their destructive effect on Earth's ozone layer. The standard enthalpy of evaporation of CF2Cl2 is 17.4 kJ/mol, compared with delta Hvaporization = 41 kJ/mol for liquid water. How many grams of liquid CF2Cl2 are needed to cool 122.1 g of water from 48.6 to 27.6 degrees Celsius? The specific heat of water is 4.184 J/(g x degrees Celsius).

Answer:

74.56 g

Explanation:

Given that;

The standard enthalpy of evaporation of CF₂Cl₂ = 17.4 kJ/mol

Δ [tex]H_{vapourization}[/tex] = 41kJ/mol (for liquid water)

grams of liquid CF₂Cl₂ (i.e Mass of CF₂Cl₂ required to absorb the heat from water) = ???

mass( in gram) of water = 122.1g

Temperature (T₁) = 48.6°C

Temperature (T₂) = 27.6°C

ΔT = (T₂ - T₁) = 27.6° - 48.6° = -21°C

Specific heat of water (C) = 4.18 J/g*deg*°C

From the parameters given, let's first find and decide the quantity of heat absorbed from the given amount of water in the system.

Q (quantity of heat) = mCΔT

= 122.1 g × 4.18 J/g*deg*°C × 27.6°C

= -10728.1944 J

= -10.73 kJ

∴ -10.73 kJ is the amount of heat given to CF₂Cl₂ by the water.

NOTE: The negative sign illustrate the heat given by the water in the system)

Since that is  known, we can easily find the mass of CF₂Cl₂ needed to cool 122.1 g of water.

Since the molar mass of  CF₂Cl₂ = 120.91 g /mol

∴ Mass of CF₂Cl₂  needed to cool 122.1g of water = [tex]\frac{10.73kJ}{17.4kJ}*120.91g)

= 74.56g

Answer:

c.Baking Soda (sodium bicarbonate)

Explanation:

The Arrhenius theory was introduced introduced by Swedish scientist named Svante Arrhenius in 1887.

According to the theory, acids are the substances which dissociate in the aqueous medium to produce electrically charged atoms ( may be molecule). Out of these species furnished, one must be a proton or the hydrogen ion, [tex]H^+[/tex].

Base are the substances which dissociate in the aqueous medium to produce electrically charged atoms ( may be molecule). Out of these species furnished, one must be a hydroxide ion, [tex]OH^-[/tex].

a. Lemon juice contains citric acid which is an acid.

b. Vinegar contains acetic acid which is an acid.

c. Baking Soda contains sodium bicarbonate and is a base.

Thus, c is the answer.

pH is defined as the negative logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions.

Thus,  

pH = - log [H⁺]

pH scale generally runs from 1 to 14 where pH = 7 represents neutral medium, pH < 7 represents acidic medium and pH > 7 represents basic medium.

d. Substance with pH 7 represents neutral solution.

Answer:

Explanation:

Because most of the volume occupied by the substance is empty space.

Answer:

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes use the same codons for translation.

Explanation:

Gene is the functional segment of the DNA and can be inherited. The particular gene codes for the particular protein that determines the morphology of the organisms.

The translation process is responsible for the expression of protein in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The basic process of translation is quite similar. Genetic code is same in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes as the code is universal in nature and responsible for the production of protein in bacteria.

Consider this statement as True or false

Answer: True

Explanation:

Yes, it is possible that the gene responsible for the fluroscence in the jelly fish is extracted and inserted in the bacteria then the bacteria will also start glowing like jellyfish.

This is possible because the basic machinery is same in case of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

The manipulation is known as genetic engineering by which the gene of interest from one organism is inserted in other organism.

Answer:

B

Explanation:

when elements reacts to form a compound the elements properties changes completely. This happens due to the fact that a chemical reaction has taken place. In a chemical change new substances are formed and the properties of the products differ entirely from that of the reactant.

for example if hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water, the property of hydrogen differs from oxygen and also both differs chemically when compared to water.

When elements combine to form compounds, their properties change completely.

When elements combine to form compounds, their properties change completely.

For example, sodium (a highly reactive metal) and chlorine (a toxic gas) combine to form sodium chloride, which is table salt that is neither reactive nor toxic. The properties of the elements in a compound are no longer the same as the properties of the individual elements. The combination of elements in a compound results in the formation of new substances with distinct properties. Therefore, option B) their properties change completely, is the correct answer to the question.

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Answer:

B. Household ammonia.

Explanation:

NH₃ is a base, so the solution always will be basic.

NH₃ takes the proton from the water. In conclusion we have free OH⁻ in medium, that's why the solution is basic.

NH₃ + H₂O → NH₄⁺  +  OH⁻

- HCl + H₂O → H₃O⁺  + Cl⁻

This reaction makes an acid solution, cause the H₃O⁺

- Vinegar is a compound made of acetic acid.

CH₃COOH  + H₂O  ⇄  H₃O⁺  +  CH₃COO⁻

This reaction also makes an acid solution, cause the H₃O⁺

- Pure water makes neutral solution. It is not acid, neither basic.

2H₂O ⇄  H₃O⁺  +  OH⁻

The atomic mass of gallium if gallium has two naturally occurring isotopes with the following masses and natural abundances: Ga-69, 68.9256 amu 60.1%, and Ga-71, 70.9247 amu 39.9%, is 69.7376073 amu. Hence, option d is the correct answer.

Given the isotopes and their masses and abundances:

Ga-69 with a mass of 68.9256 amu and an abundance of 60.1%.

Ga-71 with a mass of 70.9247 amu and an abundance of 39.9%.

Atomic mass ([tex]M_a_t_o_m_i_c[/tex]) using the formula.

[tex]M_a_t_o_m_i_c[/tex]=([tex]M_i_s_o_t_o_p_e_1[/tex] ×abundance1)+([tex]M_i_s_o_t_o_p_e_2[/tex]×abundance2)

[tex]M_a_t_o_m_i_c[/tex]=(68.9256amu×0.601)+(70.9247amu×0.399)

[tex]M_a_t_o_m_i_c[/tex]=41.413512amu+28.3240953amu

[tex]M_a_t_o_m_i_c[/tex]=69.7376073amu

Rounded to the nearest hundredth, the calculated atomic mass of gallium is approximately 69.73 amu. The closest option is "d that is 69.7 amu," which is approximately the same as the calculated atomic mass of gallium. Hence, option d is the correct answer.

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The atomic mass of gallium, considering its two naturally occurring isotopes, Ga-69 and Ga-71, with masses of 68.9256 amu and 70.9247 amu at abundances of 60.11% and 39.89% respectively, is approximately 69.7171 amu.

The atomic mass of an element is calculated considering all its naturally occurring isotopes. In this case, gallium has two stable isotopes, Ga-69 and Ga-71, with respective masses and natural abundances stated in the question. Here are the steps to calculate the atomic mass of gallium:

Firstly, we multiply the mass of each isotope by its natural abundance:

For Ga-69:

68.9256 amu * 60.11 / 100 = 41.4292 amu

For Ga-71:

70.9247 amu * 39.89 / 100 = 28.2879 amu

Then, we add the results to get the atomic mass:

41.4292 amu + 28.2879 amu = 69.7171 amu

So, the atomic mass of gallium is approximately 69.7171 amu.

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Answer:

6) For 0.04392 moles BaSO4 we need 0.02196 moles Na2SO4

To produce 0.02196 moles Ba2SO4 and 0.04392 moles Na2SO4

7)  For 16.08 moles LiOH we'll have 8.04 moles H2SO4 produced.

We need 8.04 moles Li2SO4 and 8.04 moles H2O

8) For 0.0206 moles silvernitrate we'll hace 0.0206 moles silver

9) For 0.014 moles of Cu we'll have 0.014 moles Cu(NO3)2

Explanation:

6. Barium sulfate and and sodium sulfate react in a double displacement reaction. If the  reaction starts with 10.25 grams of barium sulfate what are the products and how many moles  of each product is produced?

Step 1: Data given

Mass of BaSO4 = 10.25 grams

Molar mass = 233.38 g/mol

Step 2: The balanced equation

2BaSO4 + Na2SO4 → Ba2SO4 + 2NaSO4

Step 3: Calcuate moles BaSO4

Moles BaSO4 = 10.25 grams / 233.38 g/mol

Moles BaSO4 = 0.04392 moles BaSO4

Step 4: Calculate moles

For 2 moles BaSO4 we need 1 mol Na2SO4 to produce 1 mol Ba2SO4 and 2 moles NaSO4

For 0.04392 moles BaSO4 we need 0.04392/2 = 0.02196 moles Na2SO4

To produce 0.02196 moles Ba2SO4 and 0.04392 moles Na2SO4

7. Calculate the moles of Li2SO4that would be needed to produce 385 g of LiOH.

Step 1: Data given

Mass of LiOH = 385 grams

Molar mass of LiOH = 23.95 g/mol

Step 2: The balanced equation

Li2SO4 + 2H2O → 2LiOH + H2SO4

Step 3: Calculate moles LiOH

Moles LiOH = 385.0 grams / 23.95 g/mol

Moles LiOH = 16.08 moles LiOH

Step 4: Calculate moles

For 1 mol Li2SO4 we need 2 moles H2O to produce 2 moles LiOH and 1 mol H2SO4

For 16.08 moles LiOH we'll have 8.04 moles H2SO4 produced.

We need 8.04 moles Li2SO4 and 8.04 moles H2O

8. Silver nitrate reacts with copper in a single displacement reaction. To produce copper (1) nitrate and silver. If 3.50 g of silver nitrate are reacted with excess copper. How many mole of  silver would be produced?

Step 1: Data given

Mass of AgNO3 = 3.50 grams

Molar mass of AgNO3 = 169.87 g/mol

Step 2: The balanced equation

Cu + 2AgNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag

Step 3: Calculate moles AgNO3

Moles AgNO3 = 3.50 grams / 169.87 g/mol

Moles AgNO3 = 0.0206 moles

Step 4: Calculate moles of Ag

For 1 mol copper, we need 2 moles of silvernitrate to produce 1 mol of coppernitrate and 2 moles of silver

For 0.0206 moles silvernitrate we'll hace 0.0206 moles silver

9. (Use the chemical equation from above) How many moles of copper (1) nitrate ]can be  produced with and 0.89 grams of copper metal?

Step 1: Data given

Mass of Cu = 0.89 grams

Molar mass of Cu = 63.55 g/mol

Step 2: The balanced equation

Cu + 2AgNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag

Step 3: Calculate moles Cu

Moles Cu =0.89 grams / 63.55 g/mol

Moles Cu = 0.014 moles

Step 4: Calculate moles of Coppernitrate

For 1 mol copper, we need 2 moles of silvernitrate to produce 1 mol of coppernitrate and 2 moles of silver

For 0.014 moles of Cu we'll have 0.014 moles Cu(NO3)2

Answer:

sorry i cant read sideways

Explanation:

Answer:

a) 0.67 moles of O2

b) 1.34 moles H2O

c) 24.15 grams of H2O

d) 21.44 grams O2

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

Dihydrogen dioxide = H2O2

oxygen gas = O2

Moles H2O2 = 1.34 moles

Molar mass of H2O2 = 34.01 g/mol

Step 2: The balanced equation

2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2

Step 3: Calculate moles of H2O formed

For 2 moles H2O2 we'll have 2 moles H2O produced

For 1.34 moles H2O2 we have 1.34 moles H2O produced

This is 1.34 moles * 18.02 g/mol = 24.15 grams of H2O

Step 4: Calculate moles of O2 formed

For 2 moles H2O2 we'll have 1 mol O2 produced

For 1.34 moles H2O2 we'll have 1.34 /2 = 0.67 moles of O2 produced

This is 0.67 moles * 32.00 g/mol = 21.44 grams O2

Answer:

10.1 g of Al are formed

Explanation:

The reaction is:

2AlCl3 --> 2Al + 3Cl2

So 2 moles of aluminun chloride decompose into 2 moles of Al and 3 moles of chlorine.

Ratio is 2:2.

Let's convert the mass of salt into moles (mass / molar mass)

50 g / 133.34 g/mol = 0.374 moles.

As the ratio is 2: 2, if I have 0.374 moles of salt, I would produce the same amount of Al, just 0.374.

Let's convert the moles to mass

(Mol . molar mass)

0.374 mol . 26.98 g / mol = 10.1 g of Al are formed

Ξ

28.99 grams of aluminium metal can be produced when 50.0 grams of aluminium chloride decompose.

To solve this problem, we will use stoichiometry, which involves the following steps:

1. Write down the balanced chemical equation:

[tex]\[ 2\text{AlCl}_3 \rightarrow 2\text{Al} + 3\text{Cl}_2 \][/tex]

2. Calculate the molar mass of aluminium chloride (AlCl3) and aluminium (Al):

- The molar mass of Al is approximately 26.98 g/mol.

- The molar mass of AlCl3 is calculated as follows:

[tex]\[ \text{Molar mass of AlCl}_3 = \text{Molar mass of Al} + 3 \times \text{Molar mass of Cl} \] \[ \text{Molar mass of AlCl}_3 = 26.98 \text{ g/mol} + 3 \times 35.45 \text{ g/mol} \] \[ \text{Molar mass of AlCl}_3 = 26.98 \text{ g/mol} + 106.35 \text{ g/mol} \] \[ \text{Molar mass of AlCl}_3 = 133.33 \text{ g/mol} \][/tex]

3. Convert the mass of AlCl3 to moles:

[tex]\[ \text{Moles of AlCl}_3 = \frac{\text{Mass of AlCl}_3}{\text{Molar mass of AlCl}_3} \] \[ \text{Moles of AlCl}_3 = \frac{50.0 \text{ g}}{133.33 \text{ g/mol}} \] \[ \text{Moles of AlCl}_3 \approx 0.375 \text{ mol} \][/tex]

4. Use the stoichiometric ratio from the balanced equation to find the moles of Al produced:

The balanced equation shows that 2 moles of AlCl3 produce 2 moles of Al. Therefore, the moles of Al produced are the same as the moles of AlCl3 that decomposed, since the ratio is 1:1.

5. Convert the moles of Al to grams:

[tex]\[ \text{Mass of Al} = \text{Moles of Al} \times \text{Molar mass of Al} \] \[ \text{Mass of Al} = 0.375 \text{ mol} \times 26.98 \text{ g/mol} \] \[ \text{Mass of Al} \approx 9.969 \text{ g} \][/tex]

However, since the stoichiometry of the reaction gives us 2 moles of Al for every 2 moles of AlCl3, we must account for this in our mass calculation. Therefore, we multiply the mass of Al by the ratio of the moles of Al produced to the moles of AlCl3 that reacted:

[tex]\[ \text{Mass of Al} = 9.969 \text{ g} \times \frac{2 \text{ mol Al}}{2 \text{ mol AlCl}_3} \] \[ \text{Mass of Al} = 9.969 \text{ g} \times 1 \] \[ \text{Mass of Al} \approx 9.969 \text{ g} \][/tex]

Since the stoichiometry does not change the mass calculation (because the ratio is 1:1 for Al and AlCl3), the mass of Al produced is approximately 9.969 grams. However, this is not the final answer, as we need to consider significant figures.

6. Round the final answer to the appropriate number of significant figures, which in this case is three (since the mass of AlCl3 is given to three significant figures):

[tex]\[ \text{Mass of Al} \approx 10.0 \text{ g} \][/tex]

However, upon re-evaluating the calculation, it seems there was a mistake in the conversion of moles of AlCl3 to moles of Al. Since the stoichiometry is 2 moles of AlCl3 to 2 moles of Al, the moles of Al should be equal to the moles of AlCl3, which is 0.375 moles. Therefore, the correct mass of Al is calculated as follows:

[tex]\[ \text{Mass of Al} = 0.375 \text{ mol} \times 26.98 \text{ g/mol} \] \[ \text{Mass of Al} = 28.985 \text{ g} \][/tex]

Rounding to three significant figures, we get:

[tex]\[ \text{Mass of Al} \approx 28.99 \text{ g} \][/tex]

Answer:

The answer is (B) A gamma ray alone

Explanation:

Technetium-99m decays through a process called isomeric transition involving the decay of 99mTc to 99TC via the release of gamma rays and low energy electron

Answer: C) Non-metals can share pairs of electrons and form covalent bonds

Explanation: The principal reason why it is non-metals that can form covalent bonds is because of their electronegativities. Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself.

The participating atoms in a covalent bond have to be able to hold the shared electron in place & it is this attraction towards the centre of each participating atom that holds the electrons in place. Metals aren't electronegative, they don't attract electrons towards each other, they'd rather even push the electrons away from themselves (electropositive) to be stable. The closest concept of metals to shared electrons is in metallic bonding, where metals push and donate their valence electrons to an electron cloud which is free to move around the bulk of the metallic structure. But this is nowhere near the type of bonding that exist in covalent bonds.

Answer:

C) Nonmetals can share pairs of electrons and form covalent bonds.

Explanation:

Answer:

72.53% is the yield of CrCl3

Explanation:

Given

Reaction:

Cr2O3(s) + 3 CCl4(l) → 2 CrCl3(s) + 3 COCl2(aq)

CCl4 is in excess and 17.6g  Cr2O3 present

The reaction yields 26.6g of CrCl3

To Find:

% yields of the reaction

Also given

Molar mass of CrCl3 = 158.35g/mol

Molar mass of Cr2O3 = 152.00 g/mol

By the stoichiometry of the reaction

1 mole of Cr2O3 gives  2 moles of CrCl3

0r

1 x1 52 g of Cr2O3 gives 2x 158.35 g of CrCl3

= 1 52 g of Cr2O3 gives 316.70 g of CrCl3

    17.6 g of Cr2O3 gives  (17.6÷152) × 316.70 g CrCl3

= 36.67 g CrCl3

but actual yield is only 26.6g

so % yield is (26.6 ÷÷ 36.67) × 100

= 72.53% is the yield of CrCl3

Final answer:

To calculate the percent yield, the number of moles of chromium(III) oxide used was first determined, which was then used to find the theoretical yield of chromium chloride. The actual yield of chromium chloride is compared to this theoretical yield to find that the percent yield of the reaction is approximately 72.48%.

Explanation:

The student asked to calculate the percent yield of a chemical reaction involving chromium(III) oxide (Cr2O3) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). To find the percent yield, we need to compare the actual yield to the theoretical yield. First, we calculate the number of moles of Cr2O3 that react. With a molar mass of 152.00 g/mol, 17.6 g of Cr2O3 is equivalent to 0.1158 moles. According to the stoichiometry of the balanced equation, 1 mole of Cr2O3 produces 2 moles of CrCl3, which suggests that 0.1158 moles of Cr2O3 would yield 0.2316 moles of CrCl3. Using the molar mass of CrCl3 (158.35 g/mol), the theoretical yield of CrCl3 can be found as 0.2316 moles × 158.35 g/mol = 36.7 g.

Now, we calculate the percent yield using the actual yield (26.6 g) and the theoretical yield (36.7 g).

Percent Yield = (Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) × 100 = (26.6 g / 36.7 g) × 100 ≈ 72.48%

Therefore, the percent yield of chromium chloride in the reaction is approximately 72.48%.

Answer:

Mg₃N₂ + 6H₂O  →  2NH₃  +  3Mg(OH)₂

Coefficient of water is 6 (option 3)

Explanation:

The reaction is:

Mg₃N₂ + H₂O  →  NH₃  +  Mg(OH)₂

Let's balance the reaction.

In reactant side we have 3 Mg, therefore in product side, we add 3 Mg to the hydroxide.

This change, modified the hydroxide, so now we have 6 O and 6 H, but we have in total 9 H (6 from the hydroxide + 3 from the ammonia)

As we have 2N, in reactant side, we must add 2 N to the ammonia, so now

we have 12 H in product side . We must complete with 6, the water so the H are ballanced.

In reactant side we have 6 O, therefore in product we must have 6 O (two O, in the OH but we have 3 moles, so in total we have 6 O) - BALANCED

The balance reaction is:

Mg₃N₂ + 6H₂O  →  2NH₃  +  3Mg(OH)₂

The chemical reaction of magnesium nitride with water to form ammonia and magnesium hydroxide has a coefficient of 6 for water in the balanced equation.

Preparing ammonia through the reaction of magnesium nitride with water yields ammonia and magnesium hydroxide. The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: Mg3N2 + 6H2O → 3NH3 + 3Mg(OH)2. Thus, the coefficient of water in the balanced chemical equation is 6, which corresponds to option number 3 in your question.

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Answer:

Gastric juices have a pH of 1 or 2. This would indicate numerous H+ ions and a low pH

Explanation:

Highers concentrations of [H⁺] means very low pH.

pH = - log [H⁺]

Imagine this two concentrations:

[H⁺]₁ = 0.2 M

[H⁺]₂ = 0.0006 M

[H⁺]₁ > [H⁺]₂

pH₁ = - log 0.2 → 0.70

pH₂ = - log 0.0006 → 3.22

Then pOH₁ = 14 - 0.70 = 13.30

pOH₂ = 14 - 3.22 = 10.78

[OH⁻]₁ = 10^-pOH = 5.01×10⁻¹⁴

[OH⁻]₂ = 10^-pOH = 1.66×10⁻¹¹

As pH is so low, [OH⁻] is more and more lower.

To convert SO2 and H2Se from a liquid or solid to a gas, the intermolecular forces that need to be overcome are dipole-dipole bonding and London dispersion forces. Ion-dipole bonding and hydrogen bonding are not required.

To convert SO2 and H2Se from a liquid or solid to a gas, certain intermolecular forces must be overcome. These forces include:

For these substances, Ion-dipole bonding and hydrogen bonding are not relevant as SO2 and H2Se do not comprise ions or specific hydrogen connections.

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Final answer:

For SO₂ and H₂Se, the intermolecular forces that need to be overcome to change to a gas are dipole-dipole interactions and London dispersion forces.

Explanation:

To convert a substance from liquid or solid to gas, it is necessary to overcome the intermolecular forces that hold the molecules together in the condensed phase. For SO₂, the primary intermolecular forces are dipole-dipole interactions and London dispersion forces. SO₂ is a polar molecule with a significant dipole moment, leading to dipole-dipole attractions, and all molecules, including polar ones, exhibit London dispersion forces. In the case of H₂Se, although the molecule is polar, there is no hydrogen directly bonded to a highly electronegative atom, thus it does not have hydrogen-bonding. However, H₂Se does exhibit London dispersion forces and dipole-dipole interactions due to its polar nature. Therefore, the intermolecular forces that must be overcome for SO₂ and H₂Se are options (c) London dispersion forces and (d) dipole-dipole bonding.

Answer:

The solution needs to remain hot during filtration in order to remove impurities and charcoal that are insoluble in the crystallization solvent, also to prevent crystals form prematurely on the paper filter or on the funnel stem.

Answer:

2.3x10⁷ W/m²

Explanation:

The intensity (I) of a laser is its potency (P) divided by the area (A) that it is affected. The potency is the energy applied (or absorbed) in a period, thus id 91.0% of the energy is absorbed, so:

E = 0.91*540 = 491.4 J

And,

P = E/t, where t is the time in seconds

P = 491.4/4.00

P = 122.85 J/s

P = 122.85 W

The are of a circular spot is:

A = (π/4)*d²

Where d is the diameter. Thus, with d = 2.60 mm = 0.0026 m

A = (π/4)*(0.0026)²

A = 5.31x10⁻⁶ m²

I = P/A

I = 122.85/5.31x10⁻⁶

I = 2.3x10⁷ W/m²

Answer:

Carbon Dioxide is an Infrared Radiation Absorber. The (CO2) molecules also emits the absorbed infrared (IR) radiation energy. The photon energy from the infrared radiation causes the CO2 molecule to vibrate. Only some of its vibrational modes absorb infrared radiation

Explanation:

Its linear structure is considered when working with the formula to calculate the number of molecular vibrational modes. It has 3n - 4 vibrational modes, where n is the number of atoms in a compound of CO2

With 3 atoms, CO2 has

3n−5=4 types or patterns of vibration

1. The symmetric stretch

2. The asymmetric stretch

3. The bend

The symmetric stretch vibrational mode is ir-inactive.

The asymmetric stretch is ir-active as it results in changes in dipole moment

The bend is ir-active as well as it results in a change in dipole moment too.

At the molecular level as the CO2 molecules absorb photons of the infrared radiation, the atoms in the CO2 molecules increase their vibration as the bonds between the atoms bend and stretch.

The question is incomplete, the complete question is;

The infrared spectrum above represents the absorption of certain wavelengths of radiation by molecules of CO2. Which of the following best explains what occurs at the molecular level as the CO2 molecules absorb photons of the infrared radiation?

The infrared spectrum of molecules is based on changes in the vibrational energy levels within the molecule.

Infrared radiation causes bonds to vibrate. The nature of the vibration may be stretching or bending.

So, when CO2  molecules are irradiated with infrared radiation, at the molecular level, CO2 molecules absorb photons of the infrared radiation, the atoms in the CO2 molecules increase their vibration as the bonds between the atoms bend and stretch.

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Answer:

is the process in which two smaller nuclei combine to form a larger nucleus.

Explanation:

Nuclear fusion -

It is the type of reaction , where two or more lighter nuclei combines to form a larger nuclei , with large amount of energy released in the form of heat and light is referred to as a nuclear fusion .

The process of fusion is exactly opposite of the nuclear fission , where a single nucleus is broken down into many smaller nuclei , and is used in the nuclear power plants to generate energy.

In the nuclear fusion process , lighter nucleus like nickel - 62 and iron - 56 are used .

Answer:

Nuclear fusion can be defined asva reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei are combined to form one or more different atomic nuclei and subatomic particles ( neutrons or protons). The difference in mass between the reactants and products is manifested as either the release or absorption of energy . This difference in mass arises due to the difference in atomic " binding energy " between the atomic nuclei before and after the reaction. Fusion is the process that powers active or " main sequence " stars , or other high magnitude stars.

A fusion process that produces nuclei lighter than iron-56 or nickel-62 will generally release energy. These elements have relatively small mass per nucleon and large binding energy per

nucleon . Fusion nuclei lighter than these releases energy (an exothermic process), while fusion of heavier nuclei results in energy retained by the product nucleons, and the resulting reaction is endothermic .

Nuclear fusion generates electricity (as a proposed form of power) by using heat from nuclear fusion reactions. In a fusion process, two lighter atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, while releasing energy. The devices designed to harness this energy are known as fusion reactors.

Answer:

4. 1; 6; 2 — synthesis

Explanation:

Decomposition reaction is defined as the reaction in which a single large substance breaks down into two or more smaller substances.

[tex]AB\rightarrow A+B[/tex]

Single displacement reaction is defined as the reaction in which more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from its chemical reaction.

The reactivity of metal is determined by a series known as reactivity series. The metals lying above in the series are more reactive than the metals which lie below in the series.

[tex]A+BC\rightarrow AC+B[/tex]

Synthesis reaction is defined as the reaction in which smaller substances combine in their elemental state to form a larger substance.

[tex]A+B\rightarrow AB[/tex]

The unbalanced combustion reaction is shown below as:-

[tex]P_4+Ca\rightarrow Ca_3P_2[/tex]

On the left hand side,  

There are 4 phosphorus atoms and 1 calcium atom

On the right hand side,  

There are 2 phosphorus atoms and 3 calcium atoms

Thus,  

Right side, [tex]Ca_3P_2[/tex] must be multiplied by 2 to balance phosphorus.

Left side, [tex]Ca[/tex] is multiplied by 6 so to balance the whole reaction.

Thus, the balanced reaction is:-

[tex]P_4+6Ca\rightarrow 2Ca_3P_2[/tex]

Thus, answer:- 4. 1; 6; 2 — synthesis

Answer:

Oxidation process

Explanation:

Oxidation is the transfer of electrons from an atom, molecule, or ion to another atom, molecule, or ion in a chemical reaction.

Oxidation is said to have taken place when the oxidation status of a atom, molecule, or ion is increases.

Oxidation process is said to include

Addition of oxygen atom or Electronegative atoms to another atom, molecule, or ion

Loss of one or more electrons by a atom, molecule, or ion

Increase in the oxidation number of a atom, molecule, or ion

Loss of a hydrogen or Electropositive atoms

Answer:

54.2 g of Ca(OH)₂

Explanation:

Let's determine the moles of solute, we should need

Molarity . volume (L) = moles

Let's convert 600 mL to L

600 mL/ 1000 = 0.6L

1.22 mol/L . 0.6L = 0.732 moles

Finally we must convert the moles to mass ( moles . molar mass)

0.732 mol . 74.08 g/mol = 54.2 g

Answer: 54.2 g Ca(OH)2

Explanation: Molarity is moles of solute / L solution

First convert mL to L

600 mL x 1L / 1000 mL = 0.6 L

Find moles of Ca(OH)2

n= M x L

= 1.22 M x 0.6 L

= 0.732 moles Ca(OH)2

Convert moles to mass using its molar mass of Ca( OH)2 = 74 g

0.732 moles Ca(OH)2 X 74 g Ca(OH)2 / 1 mole Ca(OH)2

= 54.2 g Ca(OH)2

Answer:

(C) 2C(s)+2H2(g)?C2H4(g); ?G?f=68.20 kJ/mol

Explanation:

The standard free energies represent the total available work required for the process. It also indicates whether a process is spontaneous or not. If the standard free energy is negative, then it is spontaneous

Answer:

The balanced redox is:

14 H⁺ + Cr₂O₇²⁻ + 3Sn²⁺ → 3Sn4⁺  + 2Cr³⁺  + 7H₂O

So the coefficient for the H⁺ is greater than 4 (option E)

Explanation:

This is the redox reaction:

Cr₂O₇²⁻ (aq) + Sn²⁺ (aq)  →  Cr³⁺ (aq) + Sn⁴⁺(aq)

First of all, we must determine the half reactions:

In dycromate, Cr acts with +6 in the oxidation state → Cr cation has +3 in product side - Oxidation state, has decreased so this is the reduction.

In reactant side Sn cation acts with +2 → In product side Sn acts with +4

The oxidation state has increased, so this is the oxidation.

Cr₂O₇²⁻  → Cr³⁺

We have to add 2, to Cr in reactant side, and as we are in adicid medium we add water in the opposite side of oxygen. The same amount of oxgen, that we have.

Cr₂O₇²⁻  → 2Cr³⁺ + 7H₂O

Finally, as we have 14 H in product side, we must add 14 H⁺ to the reactant side. Cr+⁶ in dycromate to change to Cr³⁺, gained 3 e⁻, but we have 2 Cr, so in total the Cr gained 6e⁻. The balanced half reaction is:

14 H⁺ + Cr₂O₇²⁻ + 6e⁻ → 2Cr³⁺  + 7H₂O

Sn²⁺ to change the oxidation state, to +4 had to release electrons:

Sn²⁺ →  Sn4⁺  + 2e⁻

The electrons are unbalanced, so we must to multiply the half reactions:

(14 H⁺ + Cr₂O₇²⁻ + 6e⁻ → 2Cr³⁺  + 7H₂O) x1

(Sn²⁺ →  Sn4⁺  + 2e⁻ ) x3

And we sum both:

14 H⁺ + Cr₂O₇²⁻ + 6e⁻ + 3Sn²⁺ → 3Sn4⁺  + 6e⁻  + 2Cr³⁺  + 7H₂O

To balance the redox equation in acidic solution, follow these steps: Write the unbalanced equation, identify the oxidation and reduction half-reactions, balance the atoms and charges, multiply the oxidation half-reaction, combine the half-reactions, and balance the equation by dividing through by common factors. The correct coefficient for the H+ ion is 2.

To balance the redox equation in acidic solution, we need to follow these steps:

Upon balancing the equation, we find that the correct coefficient for the H+ ion is (B) 2.

Explanation:

Any change in the equilibrium is studied on the basis of Le-Chatelier's principle.

This principle states that if there is any change in the variables of the reaction, the equilibrium will shift in the direction to minimize the effect.

Increase the volume:

If the volume of the container is increased, the pressure will decrease according to Boyle's Law. Now, according to the Le-Chatlier's principle, the equilibrium will shift in the direction where increase in pressure is taking place. So, the equilibrium will shift in a direction where more number gaseous moles are present.

A) [tex]2COF_2(g)\rightleftharpoons CO_2(g)+CF_4(g)[/tex]

Number of gaseous moles on reactant side = 2

Number of gaseous moles on product side = 2

Equilibrium will not shift any direction as on both sides number of gaseous moles are same.

B) [tex]2NO(g)+O_2(g)\rightleftharpoons 2NO_2(g)[/tex]

Number of gaseous moles on reactant side = 3

Number of gaseous moles on product side = 2

Equilibrium will shift any left direction.

C) [tex]2N_2O_5(g)\rightleftharpoons 4NO_2(g)+O_2[/tex]

Number of gaseous moles on reactant side = 2

Number of gaseous moles on product side = 5

Equilibrium will shift any right direction.

D) [tex]2SO_2(g)+O_2(g)\rightleftharpoons 2SO_3(g)[/tex]

Number of gaseous moles on reactant side = 3

Number of gaseous moles on product side = 2

Equilibrium will shift any left direction.

E) [tex]PCl_5\rightleftharpoons PCl_3(g)+Cl_2(g)[/tex]

Number of gaseous moles on reactant side = 1

Number of gaseous moles on product side = 2

Equilibrium will shift any right direction.

Answer:

Na+ is the most plentiful positively charged ion outside the cell, while K+ is the most plentiful inside.

Explanation:

Sodium ion and potassium ion play an important role in cellular metabolism. Na+ ion present in extracellular fluid while K+ ion is present in intracellular fluid.

Sodium ions are necessary for:

generation of nerve impulse

Heart activities

electrolyte balance

High or low concentration of sodium affects health.

Potassium ions are necessary for:

fluid and electrolyte balance

Na+ ion present in extracellular fluid while K+ ion is present in intracellular fluid.

Therefore, Na+ ion present in extracellular fluid while K+ ion is present in intracellular fluid.

The correct statement is that Na+ is the most plentiful positively charged ion outside the cell, while K+ is more plentiful inside, due to the function of the sodium-potassium pump in the plasma membrane of cells.

The statement that is true among the given options is: Na+ is the most plentiful positively charged ion outside the cell, while K+ is the most plentiful inside. This arrangement is made possible through a process called the sodium-potassium pump, which is part of the plasma membrane of cells. The pump uses ATP to move 3 Na+ out of the cell and 2 K+ into the cell, which helps maintain the cell's resting potential. Therefore, outside of the cells, there is a higher concentration of Na+ ions, while inside the cells, K+ ions are more plentiful.

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